Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Evolving Nursing Roles Essay Example for Free

Evolving Nursing Roles Essay The Institute of Medicine released a report in October 2010 that set out to answer the question, â€Å"what roles can nursing assume to address the increasing demand for safe, high-quality, and effective health care services?† . Three ways that the report suggests to do this are to utilize nurses to their full extent of education and training, a higher level of education for nurses and a stronger leadership role. . Nurses make up the largest segment of the health care workforce and have the capacity to positively impact healthcare in the future, especially with the changes coming from the Affordable Care Act. Nursing is one of the few professions that has several educational pathways to licensure. In order to qualify to take the NCLEX-RN exam, one can obtain an associate’s degree in nursing (ADN), a bachelor’s of science in nursing (BSN) or can complete a diploma program. â€Å"The primary goals of nursing education remain the same: nurses must be prepared to meet diverse patients’ needs; function as leaders; and advance science that benefits patients and the capacity of health professionals to deliver safe, quality patient care†. . While these goals are ideal, the educational road to get there can be streamlined to be less confusing and â€Å"to prepare nursing graduates to work collaboratively and effectively with other health professionals in a complex and evolving health care system in a variety of settings†. . New RNs are not always prepared for the job and there is a high turnover rate for â€Å"new grads†. Hospitals can help the transition by offering â€Å"new grad† or residency programs and longer orientation periods. RNs not only have to become efficient at the tasks of the job, but also be able to critically think a situation, delegate tasks to CNAs and LVNs, effectively manage time and become comfortable with communicating with doctors and other healthcare team members. The key is to better educate nurses both before and after licensure. . The Institute of Medicine’s report states that nurses are being underutilized. The changing healthcare system in the United States requires that â€Å"the system undergo a fundamental shift to provide patient-centered care; deliver more primary as opposed to specialty care; deliver more care in the community rather than  the acute care setting; provide seamless care†.. Gone are the days of just treating a patient in a hospital once he or she has become ill. Patients are being educated about disease prevention and health promotion in their communities, there is improved access to care for the poor and those in rural areas and there is hospice care available. Nurses are at the core of this shift and help to provide a high quality of care more safely and with fewer errors. With the shortage of healthcare providers, advanced practice registered nurses should be given more responsibilities and a broader scope of practice. Some hospitals and healthcare facilities are already making changes and are seeing positive results. The impact of employing nurses in a substantial way will continue to improve patient care and promote health and wellness; however there are some issues that will need to be addressed. It is true that nurses are capable of doing more with their experience, skills and education, but nurse to patient ratios is a major factor in why nurses aren’t doing more. It would be ideal if the nurse could provide care to a patient in the hospital, provide thorough education about the disease process and prevention, address any spiritual and social services needs and coordinate any home health or therapy requirements. However, with a nurse to patient ratio of 1:4 or 1:5 and several discharges and new admits every day, this is unlikely in the acute care setting. I strive to provide seamless care for my patients and give as much of myself and my time as I can, but I also have no choice but to rely on other sources, such as social services and case management. Unfortunately, many patients who need these services and who could benefit from more education do not get it because of time constraints. It is my hope that as this shift occurs, there will be fewer patients who need to be admitted to the hospital and there will be more time to provide patients with the care and information that they need. â€Å"Strong leadership is critical if the vision of a transformed health care system is to be realized†. . Nurses may not have originally thought they would be leaders when they entered the profession. Most likely they just wanted to help people. However, now more than ever, nurses have to become partners with other healthcare team members and help lead the way to reformed healthcare in the country. According to the IOM report, â€Å"being a full partner involves taking responsibility for identifying problems and areas of waste, devising and implementing a plan for improvement, tracking  improvement over time, and making necessary adjustments to realize established goals.† Nurses must use their leadership skills to work with others and advocate for their patients to make these improvements. Obtaining a higher level of education will assist students or RNs to develop leadership competencies and help them gain the confidence needed to work on these projects. References Creasia, J. L., Friberg, E. (2011). Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice (5th ed). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. The Institute of Medicine. (2010). The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

Essay --

Yejung Lee Ms. Samson Biology Honors 13 December 2013 Thyroid Cancer Thyroid cancer is an abnormal and malignant cell growth in the thyroid gland (see figure 1). The wellbeing of a person’s thyroid gland is extremely important, as this organ secretes hormones and other chemicals that help a person maintain homeostasis, more specifically the weight, blood pressure, heart rate, and internal body temperature (Bethesda, National Cancer Institute). According to the Mayo Clinic, although it is not yet clear to researchers what exactly causes thyroid cancer, what medical scientists do know is why it occurs. One type of thyroid cancer that can be genetic is medullary thyroid cancer. This type of cancer is genetic because it is linked with a variety of risk factors that could lead up to cancer, such as gender, age, radiation exposure, hereditary conditions, and family history (â€Å"What Are the Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer?†). A major specific cause of thyroid diseases and cancers is insufficient iodine intake. Thyroid cancer is less common in the United States, than places that do not include as much iodine in the diet because in the United States, iodine is often added to many foods and consumption products. An environmental factor that is associated with thyroid cancer is exposure to radiation. One major example of this is the radiation from the Chernobyl incident; many people were affected by the radiation and many people, especially children, developed thyroid cancer (â€Å"What Are the Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer?†). The reasons why are unclear, but there is a sharp distinction between male and female thyroid cancer rates - females tend to develop the cancer more by nearly three times as often (â€Å"What Are the Risk Factors for Thyroid... ..., while a cell undergoes cell cycle, when a cell comes in contact with another cell, it stops reproducing. However, cancer cells continue to duplicate repeatedly until there is a mass of cells or a tumor to form (see figure 9). Lastly, in cell division when there is a mutation or abnormality in the DNA, a normal cell stops dividing. However, a cancerous cell will continue to duplicate and form mutations (â€Å"Cell Biology and Cancer†). Also, cancer cells are harmful because they grow and duplicate with complete disregard to the functions and limitations of the body (see figure 10). Also, cancerous cells have the ability to spread through metastasis throughout parts of the body through the bloodstream. In terms of similar behavior to that of normal cells, cancerous cells also duplicate, but at a very different rate ("Cancer Cells vs. Normal Cells: What's Different?"). â€Æ'

Monday, January 13, 2020

Life of Prophet Mohammad Essay

This paper will discuss the life of prophet Mohamed which will span from his birth to his calling and mission. The kind of persecution he faced from the time of his ordination or revelation to his time of manifestation when he conquered Mecca (makkah), his character in morals and his teachings. What influence he had in the growth of Islam as a religion. Introduction Prophet Mohammad was born in 570 CE in a place known as Mecca (makkah). His fathers name was Abdullah who died in a place known as Medinah weeks before Mohammad was born. His mother also died when he was six years old while travelling from Medinah in a place called Abwa. This forced Mohammad to be raised by his paternal grand father whose name was Abd al Muttalib for a period of around two years, after which his grandfather died. By this time he was aged eight years old, his uncle Abu Talib took care of him hence forth. His grandfathers mother (his great grand mother) who went by the name of Salma was a native of Medinah, she raised and brought up the grand father to Mohammad in Medinah before his uncle Muttalib decided to bring him to Mecca. The uncle to his grandfather had for years established himself as an Arab leader in Mekkah hence the need to groom Mohammad grandfather as a successor. He was a leader of the Arab people and had the role of taking care of the holy sanctuary ‘ka’bah, Mecca was a city that joined other big trading countries like Syria, Yemen and Egypt. Thus Mohammad can be said to come from an established family of leaders and traders. His lineage though can be traced from the descendants of prophet Ismail through his son second Kedar. (Armstrong 1992). Adult Life Under the guide of his uncle Abu Talib, Mohammad became a trader and earned his living from business activities by the time he was twelve years old he had started cruising the east for merchant caravan trips with his uncle, Mohammad acquired a good reputation known of his good character and trust worthiness in his business. (Ali 1997). Through his good reputation he was able to get the attention of a rich merchant widow by the name of Khadijah, who contracted him to transport her consignment to Syria. At the age of twenty five Mohammad got married to Khadijah, khadijah was older by fifteen years and had been widowed twice. Through their marriage they were able to get six children, four daughters and two sons. Unfortunately his son Qasim died at the age of two years his nick name was Abul Qasim whose meaning is the father of Qasim, his second son died in infancy he was named Abdullah his nick name was Tayyab this was because he was born after Mohammad’s prophet hood. His four daughters were named as Zainab, Raqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatimah. By the time Mohammad received his revelation of becoming a prophet the holy shrines at ka’bah the holy sanctuary was filled with a hundred and sixty idols, the ultimate message from prophet Ibrahim was corrupt and lost this was done through beliefs in superstations’ and traditions of pilgrims from distant lands. Although this did not affect ardent followers of prophet Ibrahim’s and Ismail’s teaching whom through each generation they segregated themselves in the hills in pursuance of their true religion. (Ali 1997). The Revelation Mohammad was one of them and at the age of forty during his many retreats to segregated place of worship at Mount Hira during the Ramadan period he received his first revelation from angel Jibril (Gabriel). He was instructed to read by the angel but since he had no formal education background he replied and said he couldn’t read this prompted angel Jibril to embrace him and after releasing him Mohammad still couldn’t read. This process of embracing was repeated thrice after which the angel commanded him through Allah’s might to recite through the name of the lord who created man from that which clings, the lord who taught man what he knew not. After this experience Mohammad was petrified and fled from the mountains. When he reached home he asked his wife to cover him from the world using a blanket, this was due to fear. According to the Quran this revelations started in the year 610 CE they are found in Surah in the first five verses. (Armstrong 1992). After awhile Mohammad became abated and was able to discuss his cause of being frightened to his wife Khadijah, she counseled him by telling him not to be afraid because he was a kind man to his relatives, orphans, he was truthful, thus Allah would not leave him, and he would stand by him. His wife khadijah, then sought the wisdom of her cousin Waraqa who was old and wise having ability to translate the holy scriptures and revelations. Waraqa confirmed that Mohammad was the expected prophet as according to the scriptures and he ascertained that the angel who had visited Mohammad was the same one who had visited Moses that is angel Jibril. Khadijah his wife was the first person to accept Islam thus she became the supporting pillar to Mohammad his husband and prophet, this she did earnestly especially during the three year period that the prophets clan of pagan Quarish boycotted the religion. Unfortunately khadijah died at an advanced age of sixty five during the period of Ramadan soon after the boycott was lifted in the year 620 CE. (Ali 1997). Angel Jibril continued to visit Mohamed revealing the will of Allah; this was done through signs which are referred as verses. These revelations came inform of verses at times as chapters and at times they came as nonbelievers questioned him on his beliefs. These revelations were then recorded on available materials the believers were then asked to recite and memorize the teachings. The recording and arrangement of verses took a period of twenty three years. Although the holy book is not recorded in the words of the prophet since they come from the first persona who is Allah. Angel Gabriel guided him and taught him strategies on how to go about the completion of the prophetic mission. Prophets Mohammad own sentiments are recorded separately in a collection known as the Hadith. His Mission His main mission as a prophet was that of restoration, of worship of one true God Allah, who is the creator and sustainer of the universe, he mandated his teachings to be continuation of other prophets such as Moses, he was also delegated the responsibility of ensuring the human race practiced good ethics, morals, legal and social conduct according to gods will. Other ardent followers to his teachings were his cousins Ali, his servant Zayd Ibn Harinth his friend Abu Bakr and his wife and daughters. They accepted Islam by testifying tat there is no deity except Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. (Armstrong 1992). In the first three years of his mission he was able to convert forty people into professing Islam this was no easy task as he was being tortured by the Quarish people in mekkah, his uncle Abu Lahab and his wife were among those people who resisted him and many Quarish leaders advised his uncle to stop his nephew from his mission by offering him kingship but Mohammad was not perturbed. This made the Quarish to start persecuting Muslims by beating and torturing them, this was done through boycotts targeting their businesses; those who were either weak or poor were tortured publically with no mercy. The prophet was publically denounced and humiliated this was done through at times being hauled with filth while he was praying in the streets. All that kept the Muslims and the prophet vigilant was patience which they practiced without the thought of retaliation to their persecutors. Though this persecution persisted and all that Mohammad could do is advice the Muslims to flee to Abyssinia modern day Ethiopia in Africa. The Quarish didn’t take this move very nicely thus they persuade them to Ethiopia but the host gave the Muslims a protective arm after realizing that they prophesized on Jesus and Mary him being a Christian he embraced them. After the death of khadijah Mohamed then married two other wives Sawdeh who was a widow and Aisha the daughter of his friend Abu Bakr. They lived in Medinah. In 622 CE the Quarish leaders developed a ploy to kill the prophet, but their plan was foiled by angel Jibril visiting prophet Mohamed and instructed him to leave mekkah immediately, Abu Bakr accompanied him during this escapade. They went south of mekkah to the caves he later sought refuge in Quba on the suburbs of Medinah. His head was offered at the price of hundred camels dead or alive by the Quarish leaders. Though all was not well because they fought many wars with non-believers at Medinah, during this wars many women became widows thus the prophet opted to marry several other women in his sixtieth and seventieth year of his life. After this a revelation was made on the number of wives one was to marry, this was defined though he didn’t divorce any of his wives being that all of them were either widows or divorcees accept Aisha. During the year 629 CE Mohammad went to pilgrimage in mekkah though he faced some difficulties with the Quarish leaders, they later agreed through an agreement, this was violated again by the same Quarish leaders who attacked allies of the prophet this prompted the prophet to help. (Armstrong 1992). Return to Mecca Prophet Mohammed marched gloriously into mekkah with an army of three thousand Muslims plus ten thousand others that joined him on the way; they conquered the holy city and lived there. All the idols at ka’bah were destroyed and once again it was cleansed from ungodliness brought by foreigners. Though the Mekkans expected that they would face wrath from the prophet, but he pardoned them. The whole of Arabia then accepted Islam, soon after his wife Mariah bore him a son and he was named Ibrahim he died after ten months. Thus his children on earth came to be numbered seven in total. His death brought an eclipse of the sun and the prophet symbolized this by saying that the sun and the moon are signs of God. Last Days The last pilgrimage performed by the prophet was done in 632 CE; it’s during this pilgrimage that, he received his last revelation from angel Jibril. After two months the prophet died on a Monday June the eighth, in the year 632CE, he was buried at the same place where he died, in Medina. (Armstrong 1992). Conclusion Prophet Mohamed lived a simple and fulfilled life, his worldly possession included mats, blankets, jugs and other simple possessions. He spent most of his time praying and in meditation, his family used to fore go meals they relayed on dried bread and dates with water. He left nothing to be inherited except a white mule, a piece of land and a few ammunitions. His last words were that the communities of prophets are not to be inherited but whatever they live behind should be used for charity. Leadership is all about becoming a servant first Mohammad was a servant to his people he was persecuted and tortured for religion sake. He practiced Patience and seeked no retaliation only waiting on Allah to act; his generosity to the afflicted is beyond reproach this is seen at the way he extends his kindness to widows and orphans. At the end of his mission as a prophet he was endowed with followers who are all over the world despite the early persecutions he had first as he was ordained. All his persecutors then bowed unto his rule and followed his teachings. All who follow his teachings are called the Muslims and are said to practice Islam they worship at the mosque while they read and practice the Holy Scriptures from the holy book called the Quran. All Muslims try to emulate his teachings his way of life when it comes to honesty and trust worthiness not to mention his kindness. Up to this date the Muslim fraternity make the honor of going to Mecca at least once in a lifetime they regard it as the holy city were they receive blessings and pardon. Though his life was marred with tribulations he succeeded in doing Gods will, that is giving his people a continuation with their religion that was destroyed by foreigners’ who had idolatrized it. Summary of Prophet Mohammad’s life Prophet Mohammad was an orphan who was raised by his paternal uncle. He grew to become a merchant in the trade caravans in the great Syria, Yemen and Mecca. He married at the age of twenty five to a rich merchant widow by the name of khadijah. They had two sons who died when still young and four daughters who survived to adult hood. At the age of forty he was visited by angel Jibril, though in doubt he finally accepted the ordination of prophet hood. He faced numerous persecutions as he went through his missions to the extent of sending his followers to Ethiopia. His own family members (his uncle and aunt) disowned him. He wrote the Quran through revelations made to him by angel Jibril. Later on he conquered the Quarish leadership and ruled Mecca. Before his death he bore another son by the name of Ibrahim though he died after ten months. Prophet Mohamed married three wives, but because of the afflictions that widows went through after wars he extended his kindness and married them. He was a kind man, trustworthy, and simple (humble). References Armstrong K. (1992). Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet. Harper Collins Publishers Ali M. M. (1997). The Biography: of the Prophet and the Orientalists. King Fahd Complex Brown . D. (2003): A New Introduction to Islam. Blackwell Publishing

Sunday, January 5, 2020

Ugandan Laws on Homosexuality - 744 Words

The phenomenon of homosexuality has always been a controversy to almost every culture and society. Throughout history, various positions regarding homosexuality have been taken, some oppose homosexuality and some are with homosexuality and have their own reasons. According to John Bancroft, graduate sexologist of Cambridge University and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at (IUSM) Indiana University School of Medicine, of 42 cultures, 41 % are strongly against homosexuality and 33% ignored the concept, thus, making the idea of rejecting the phenomenon more dominant than living with it and its a well-known fact that homosexuality faces the lowest acceptance rates in Asian and African countries and the highest in Australia, Europe and the Americas. In the philosophical social science, there have been two views of homosexuality. The first view of the essentialists stated that sexual orientation of a person is determined by natural genes and the second of constructionists assumed that se xual orientation is learned through trial. So basically, thats why we have several standings when it comes to homosexuality. When it comes to Ugandans laws, homosexuality is a crime itself and law punishes homosexuals very harshly. In October 2009, the anti-homosexuality bill was published in Uganda by David Bahati, a Ugandan politician, and the law was signed very recently in February 2014. The law prohibits any practice of homosexuality whether if it was related to marriage, regularShow MoreRelatedUgandas Anti-gay Laws Essay1026 Words   |  5 PagesAfrica, is one of them. Uganda has passed severe laws for an anti-gay country. Some laws as severe as life in prison or death sentence. The U.S. should step in and act as an International police force before things get too out of hand because nobody should be put to death or spend lifetime in prison for being who they are. Uganda began to see gay rights as a problem. Yoweri Museveni, the president of Uganda, is disgusted with the outbreak of homosexuality in his country and he wants LGBT (lesbian, gayRead MoreSex And Sexuality, Violence, And Inequality1712 Words   |  7 Pagesintersex (LGBTI) rights in the past. With political and social institutions that are anti-LGBTI, many actions including the most recent anti-homosexuality law, have worked to rid the country of these individuals. This law, among others, criminalizes homosexuality and any sexuality outside of heterosexuality (â€Å"Parliament Outlaws Homosexuality†) To combat this unnatural law and to achieve greater equality and liberation of LGBTI individuals, a non-governmental organization, called Sexual Minorities UgandaRead MoreThe Anti Homosexuality Act Of Uganda1265 Words   |  6 Pageswatched a TV clip on a popular news show, Tosh.O, regarding the Anti-Homosexuality Act proposed in Uganda. At this time, the idea of implementing a law that banned homosexuality was ludicrous and the claims presented by Ugandans regarding the lethality of homosexuals seemed comical. After watching the documentary, Call Me Kuchu, this student realized the seriousness of this matter and finds news clips that made of fun of this law no longer funny. Call Me Kuchu (2013) is a film that documents a newRead MoreThe Rights Of Gays And The Homosexual Agenda1743 Words   |  7 Pagesat an anti-gay conference titled â€Å"Exposing the Truth behind Homosexuality and the Homosexual Agenda†, linked homosexuality with child molestation and the destruction of African families and laid the foundation for what was to become a virulently homophobic movement in Uganda. This religious crusade against the rights of gays and lesbians culminated in an oppressive law, passed in 2014 and recently struck down on a technicality by a Ugandan court that, in its original form, made homosexual acts punishableRead MoreThe Crucible By John Proctor1091 Words   |  5 PagesCrucible, was hung for â€Å"witchcraft.† Owen Lattimore’s, a former editor for the Institute of Pacific Relations Journal, reputation was tarnished after falsely being accused by Joseph McCarthy of being the number one spy for the Soviets. David Kato, a Ugandan gay r ights campaigner, was beaten to death on January 26, 2011. These are just three examples of how witch hunts ruined and ended lives. Throughout history, many people have been persecuted due to witch hunts; some examples are the Salem Witch TrialsRead MoreCultural Aspects Of A Country Essay2027 Words   |  9 Pagesrights is simply standards, it means that they are not law, so they are not legally binding. You can indeed prosecute individuals for crimes against humanity, but many of the basic human rights violations which do not include murder, are a little harder to prosecute. Discrimination, though illegal in most states and outlined in the declaration of human rights tend to be hard to uphold responsibility. Many countries around the world have laws that prohibit many forms of discriminations against manyRead MoreHiv And Aids : Hiv / Aids2900 Words   |  12 Pageswhere the largest population of sex workers are located. Kampala, which is the capital city of Uganda, holds the most percent of sex workers in comparison to the rest of Uganda making Kampala a frequent spot for HIV/AIDs virus to spread. Since the Ugandan government had declared sex work as illegal this makes female sex workers (FSW) scared to go to health clinics due to the fear of being caught in the profession as a sex worker by the health clinic workers. This results in 34.2% of FSW’s living withRead MoreLgbt Views On Lgbt Rights Movement Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch on mental illness, and claims of condemnation from a biblical standpoint (God Loves Uganda). African countries in present-day frequently claim that homosexuality was brought upon their nations via the import of external ideas during foreign colonialism. In contrast to this, research has found that a historical existence of homosexuality in Africa has been depicted by documented accounts of same-sex patterns observed by Portuguese and European exploration s of Africa. In addition, historicalRead MoreReligion Based Laws And Islamic Law Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesTunisia, Egypt and Libya), Islamic law exists as the foundation of these regional countries. Within many of these predominantly Islamic African nations, political law and Islamic law intertwine. With this being said, all homosexual conduct is criminalized in Northern countries such as Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. â€Å"Morality laws,† which are religion-based laws, tremendously limit the freedom of expression of LGBT individuals (â€Å"Sexual Orientation Laws In The World – Overview†). PeopleRead MoreThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriages1890 Words   |  8 Pages Same-Sex Marriages Homosexuals are not treated equally in our world today. They do not receive the same rights as heterosexuals. Homosexual couples are not allowed to marry in many countries around the world. All countries view homosexuality and same-sex marriages differently. Marriage should be between two people who love each other unconditionally. Unfortunately, people do not think about the love component in this controversial social issue. They think about the morality of the relationship.